Periodontitis Treatment
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Periodontitis: Causes, Risks and Treatment Options
Periodontitis (PA) is a serious disease of the tooth-supporting structures that can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. Below you will learn what periodontitis is, which causes and symptoms it has, and how it can be treated effectively.
What is Periodontitis?
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues, affecting not only the gums but also the jawbone and the fibers that anchor the teeth in place. Unlike gingivitis, a mild form of gum inflammation limited to the gums, periodontitis leads to progressive loss of jawbone and can ultimately result in tooth loss if untreated. The disease develops slowly and often without noticeable symptoms. A bacterial layer known as biofilm or plaque continuously forms on tooth surfaces. If this plaque is not removed regularly, it can cause gum inflammation (gingivitis). When gingivitis remains untreated, the inflammation spreads deeper into the periodontal tissues and progresses to periodontitis, gradually destroying both the supporting structures of the teeth and the surrounding jawbone. For this reason, symptoms such as bleeding gums should never be ignored, as they may be an early sign of periodontitis and require prompt dental evaluation.
Causes of Periodontitis
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. The primary cause is insufficient oral hygiene, which leads to the accumulation of plaque – a sticky, colorless film made up of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. If plaque is not removed regularly through thorough brushing and interdental cleaning, it hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by professional dental cleaning. Tartar promotes further bacterial growth and increases the risk of gum inflammation. In addition to poor oral hygiene, several other factors can increase the risk of developing periodontitis. These include smoking, diabetes, and genetic predisposition. Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy, menopause, or as a result of oral contraceptives, can also increase susceptibility to gum disease. Furthermore, systemic health conditions associated with chronic inflammation, including cardiovascular disease and arthritis, are linked to a higher risk of periodontitis.
Symptoms of Periodontitis
The symptoms of periodontitis often begin with bleeding gums and gum inflammation (gingivitis). If left untreated, the disease progresses and can lead to further signs such as gum recession, loose teeth, persistent bad breath, an unpleasant taste in the mouth, and pain when chewing. The gums may appear red, swollen and sensitive, and may bleed during daily oral hygiene. As the condition advances, the gums recede, making the teeth appear longer, and teeth may start to loosen. In addition, bacterial buildup can cause chronic halitosis and an unpleasant taste. In severe cases, pus formation may occur, indicating an advanced infection.
Consequences of Untreated Periodontitis
Untreated periodontitis can have serious long-term consequences. It not only leads to the destruction of the supporting tooth structures and eventual tooth loss, but is also associated with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and respiratory infections. Bacteria from the oral cavity can enter the bloodstream and trigger inflammatory processes throughout the body. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are therefore essential to prevent serious dental and overall health complications.
Prevention of Periodontitis
Effective Oral Hygiene Practices
Regular toothbrushing, the use of dental floss and antibacterial mouth rinses are the cornerstones of periodontitis prevention.
Diet and Lifestyle
A healthy diet and avoiding smoking are key factors in preventing periodontitis.
Regular Dental Check-ups
Regular dental check-ups help detect and treat periodontitis at an early stage.
Book your consultation appointment online now →Diagnosis of Periodontitis
A dentist has several methods to diagnose periodontitis and assess its severity, which forms the basis for an effective treatment plan. The process begins with a clinical examination of the gums, focusing on signs such as swelling, redness and increased tooth mobility, all of which can indicate periodontitis.
A key diagnostic step is periodontal probing. Using a fine probe with gentle pressure, the depth of the gum pockets is measured. Bleeding on probing or the presence of fluid is carefully documented, as these are important indicators of active inflammation.
In addition, dental X-rays are used to evaluate the condition of the alveolar bone, the jawbone that supports the teeth, and to determine the extent of bone loss.
The medical history assessment (anamnesis) also plays a crucial role. Risk factors such as smoking, diabetes mellitus or chronic stress are identified, as they can significantly influence the progression of periodontitis. By combining the clinical examination, periodontal probing, radiographic analysis and medical history, the dentist can accurately determine the stage of periodontitis and develop a personalized and targeted treatment concept. In some cases, additional diagnostic procedures such as microbiological testing may be used to identify specific bacteria involved in the disease, allowing for even more precise and effective treatment planning.
Treatment Process for Periodontitis
Medical History & Diagnosis
Periodontitis treatment begins with a thorough diagnosis. The dentist examines the gums for swelling, redness, and tooth mobility. Using a fine probe, the depth of the periodontal pockets is measured and checked for bleeding or discharge. X-rays are taken to assess the condition of the alveolar bone and the extent of bone loss. A detailed medical history helps identify risk factors such as smoking or diabetes that may influence disease progression.
Non-Surgical Treatments
Non-surgical treatments include professional teeth cleaning (PZR), which removes tartar and bacterial deposits. Scaling and root planing are performed under local anesthesia to thoroughly clean the roots beneath the gum line and prevent new plaque formation.
Surgical Treatments
For advanced periodontitis, surgical interventions may be necessary. Flap surgery allows deeper pockets to be cleaned and damaged tissue to be removed. Regenerative techniques may be used to restore bone defects if needed. Laser therapy and targeted antibiotic treatments can further reduce bacterial load and support healing.
Reevaluation
After the initial therapy, a reevaluation is conducted to assess remaining pockets and determine if further surgical measures are required. Long-term success depends on regular check-ups and maintaining excellent oral hygiene, which helps secure the results of the periodontitis treatment and minimizes the risk of tooth loss.
Parodontitis Treatment Methods
The treatment of periodontitis can be divided into non-surgical and surgical procedures, applied depending on the severity of the disease.
Non-Surgical Treatments
Professional Teeth Cleaning (PTC)
Regular professional teeth cleaning is crucial to remove plaque and tartar and reduce the bacterial load in the mouth. This forms the foundational treatment for periodontitis.
Scaling and Root Planing
This procedure involves cleaning and smoothing the tooth roots below the gumline to remove bacteria and inflamed tissue, preventing reinfection.
Use of Antibiotics
In certain cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to combat bacterial infections associated with periodontitis.
Surgical Treatments
Flap Surgery
For advanced periodontitis, flap surgery may be required. The gums are lifted to allow thorough cleaning and treatment of the roots and jawbone.
Bone Grafting and Regenerative Techniques
Bone grafts and regenerative procedures are used to restore bone lost due to periodontitis.
Soft Tissue Management
In cases of significant gum recession, soft tissue grafts can be used to restore the gums and protect the teeth.
Laser Therapy
Laser therapy is a minimally invasive technique used to treat periodontitis, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.
Adjuvant Treatments (e.g., Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy)
These supplementary treatments can support conventional methods and further reduce bacterial load.
Aftercare and Maintenance Therapy
01.
Regular Follow-up Check-ups
Regular follow-up check-ups are essential to monitor the progress of treatment and prevent relapses.
02.
Professional teeth cleanings
After the initial treatment, regular professional teeth cleanings should be performed to maintain oral health and prevent reinfection.
03.
Oral Hygiene Tips
A thorough at-home oral hygiene routine is essential for the long-term success of periodontitis treatment. This includes proper tooth brushing, the use of dental floss, and antibacterial mouth rinses.
04.
Nutritional Counseling
A healthy, balanced diet supports oral health and promotes healing after periodontal treatment.
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Our highly qualified team uses modern technologies and gentle procedures to achieve the best possible results. Patients appreciate the high quality of our treatments and our compassionate care. Schedule your appointment today for comprehensive consultation on periodontal treatment. We are here to support you!
Author
Dr. Matthias Göstel
Dentist, Medical Director
Dental Clinic Vienna Döbling
23.12.2025
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office@zwd.at →Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here you’ll find answers to the most frequently asked questions. If you have further questions, you can always contact us and book a consultation. We are available Monday to Friday, 8 AM – 6 PM at 01 320 97 97. You can also use our online booking system. We look forward to welcoming you to our clinic!
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth (gums and jawbone) that can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. It is caused by bacterial infections resulting from plaque and tartar, which damage the surrounding tissues.
The costs vary depending on the severity of the condition and the chosen treatment methods. You will receive an exact cost estimate after a comprehensive examination.
In the early stages and even as it progresses, periodontitis can be painless and is often only noticed later when teeth become loose.
Most treatments are painless or cause only minimal discomfort. Local anesthesia can be used if necessary.
Periodontal treatment is a long-term process that involves multiple phases. The initial therapy may span several sessions, followed by regular follow-up appointments and professional teeth cleanings to monitor progress and prevent relapses.
With timely diagnosis and treatment, the success rates are very high. Regular follow-up appointments are crucial to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the therapy.
After a successful periodontitis treatment, regular follow-up appointments and professional teeth cleanings are essential. Your personalized follow-up schedule will be determined after treatment to prevent relapse. We generally recommend a recall two to four times per year.
Periodontitis itself is not directly contagious, but the bacteria that cause it can be transmitted through kissing or sharing utensils.
Early signs can include bleeding gums while brushing or flossing, as well as redness or swelling of the gums.
Products such as toothpastes specifically formulated for gum problems, antibacterial mouthwashes, and interdental brushes are recommended to reduce bacterial plaque and prevent inflammation.
Apical periodontitis is an inflammation at the tip of the tooth root, often caused by an infection in the root canal. It occurs when bacteria spread to the root tip through deep cavities or leaky fillings, triggering an inflammation. In such cases, a root canal treatment is usually required.
The difference lies in terminology. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting structures, while periodontosis is an outdated term referring to a degenerative condition without an inflammatory cause. Today, the term periodontitis is predominantly used.
In some cases, it is possible to restore lost gums and jawbone using regenerative techniques, such as bone grafting and regenerative materials (e.g., Emdogain). The success of these procedures depends on the extent of tissue loss and the stage of periodontitis.
Toothpaste with anti-inflammatory ingredients such as chlorhexidine, fluoride, and antibacterial agents can help reduce bacterial load. Special periodontitis toothpastes are often gentler on the gums and support their healing.
The treatment generally includes a professional teeth cleaning (scaling) and root smoothing (root planing). In advanced cases of periodontitis, surgical procedures such as flap surgery or regenerative techniques may be required.
Yes, even with thorough dental care, genetic predisposition, systemic diseases, or other risk factors can lead to the development of periodontitis. Regular dental check-ups are important to detect periodontitis early.
The diagnosis is made through a clinical examination of the gums, measuring the depth of the periodontal pockets (probing), taking X-rays, and sometimes using microbiological tests to identify the bacteria involved.
Yes, periodontitis can progress unnoticed in its early stages and may occur without visible gum bleeding. Therefore, regular dental check-ups are crucial for early diagnosis. Smokers, in particular, often do not exhibit gum bleeding due to nicotine, which makes detection more difficult.
In some cases, loose teeth can regain stability after successful periodontal treatment. However, this depends on the severity of the disease and the extent of bone loss.
As soon as symptoms such as bleeding gums, bad breath, loose teeth, or receding gums appear, you should promptly visit a dentist. Early treatment is crucial to halt the progression of periodontitis. Since periodontitis often develops unnoticed, regular dental check-ups are especially important. Early examinations help detect initial signs and allow timely intervention before more serious damage occurs.
